古典占星辭典 | Benefic/Malefic 吉/凶星

作者

Rose Chen | 陳紅穎

 

這兩個字來自拉丁文的beneficus與maleficus,意思分別為產生好的/壞的影響的事物。

其首碼bene-與male-也常衍生為其它相似的英文字,例如”beneficent” 慈善的、 “beneficial”有益的,以及”maleficent”有害的。但一般而言Benefic/malefic這兩個字並不常出現在日常生活用語上,幾乎可以說是占星學的專有語彙。

這兩個字的定義為:

系指將行星分成幾個群組,代表一般所認知的「好事」的行星(木星、金星,通常還有太陽與月亮)與「壞事」的行星(火星、土星),水星則被視為性質變動。

古典文獻中除了Benefic/Malefic來表示吉凶星外,有時也以Benevolent/Malevolent(仁慈的/邪惡的),甚至是更簡單的Good /Bad 來表示。

以下為兩個具體的範例:

Al-Khayyāt said, if it were necessary to choose for someone, and the Moon were made unfortunate, make this bad planet which is making her unfortunate the lord of the Ascendant, if it were free and in a praiseworthy condition; and if it received the Moon, it will be better. He also said, if a benefic were in the Ascendant, it will be good.

哈亞特說,當月亮處境不佳卻不得不進行擇時時,若令她陷於不佳狀況的凶星可用且狀態良好,則宜以此行星作為上升星座主星;且若它接納月亮則更佳。他又說,若吉星落於上升星座則有利。

[引自戴克博士《選擇與開始》中所節錄,伊朗尼(al-‘Imrānī)的《抉擇之書》The Book of Choices]

Benefic planets aspecting the luminaries (or Mercury, provided he is also with benefics) will bring health and good effects, while malefics will bring misfortune. But beware of malefics and Mercury if they are closely conjoined with or aspecting the Sun at a solar eclipse, or the Moon at a lunar eclipse. Mercury is particularly malefic if he is with malefics in this condition. If any of the two malefics or Mercury are also in each other’s houses, it is worse.

若吉星與發光體呈相位(或水星,尤其水星又與吉星會合時)象徵人民身體健康,萬事如意。但若為凶星,則帶來不幸。若凶星與水星會合,日蝕時要小心與太陽呈相位,月蝕時則要小心與月亮呈相位。水星若與凶星會合會變凶。若兩顆凶星與水星又分別位於各自的星座,情況更糟。

[引自戴克博士《世界占星學》中所節錄,伊茲拉(Ibn Ezra)的《論蝕點》On Eclipses]

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